Educational Values in ‘Imārah Ya’qūbiyān Novel by ‘Alā’ Al-Aswānī Educational Values in ‘Imārah Ya’qūbiyān Novel by ‘Alā’ Al- Aswānī Alsuna: Journal of Arabic and English Language

Abstract: 
Purpose, This research aims to describe the educational values on ‘Imārah Ya’qūbiyān novel written by ‘Alā’ Al-Aswānī. 
Design/methodology/approach, The research design is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data gained are written words and sentences from the novel that imply an educational values. 
Findings/result, The result of the research shows that ‘Imārah Ya’qūbiyān novel contains educational values, i.e.: (1) religious values consisting of (a) human existence before god, (b) human trust in god, and (c) human submission before God; (2) personality values which consist of (a) responsible, (b) honest, (c) hard-working, (d) qanā'ah, and (e) determined; (3) social values which consist of (a) being fair to other human beings, (b) unity of life, and (c) loyalty between humans. 
Originality/value, Educational values obtained from ‘Imārah Ya’qūbiyān novel is one of the good ways to educate readers in general, and Arabic learners in particular to take advantages of Arabic literature. It can be used as educational media in building character to become better individuals in religiosity, personality, social, and can be implemented in real life. 
Paper type, Research Paper.


Page | 141
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī Cairo-with many role characters that every one of them has their own life background. There are mixed conflicts starting from love story, social-political situation in developing country, and various other conflicts from all life perspectives (Masduki 2008).
Thus, this novel has many educational values and wisdoms that can be learnt by the readers. These religiosity, society, and personality events that are in human self is one of the world's developments in this globalization era caused by technology development including information, communication, and transportation that its effects may be able to influence thoughts, habits, or even norms and regulations enforced in the society. Due to these existing influences, the impacts on the society may lead to negative things that become one of the conflict triggers in social life.
Therefore, studying educational values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel is meant to overcome negative effects caused by recent development through existing technology and information in society. This kind of phenomenon called social disorganization, which is a shift in normative values and change in society caused by technology, science, industry, and urban developments, so that the parts of society cannot be integrated and organized perfectly (Burlian 2016).
These changes can surely happen in social, religious, and personality lives of every person. That is why the educational values here have a role to educate and teach everyone to become a mature person in life. It can make people do self-reflection as well and becomes a foundation for thinking and doing. Based on the aforementioned background and problem of the research, this research aims to describe the educational values on 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel written by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī. Hopefully, by this novel, education media can be made to give positive values that readers will benefit from it and implement it in their everyday lives. Muslimah (2018) found that students who are engaged will develop their learning outcome. Yundayani et al.(2021) revealed that Covid-19 impacts the students' engagement.

Page | 142
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī However, A few studies examined students' engagement in distance learning in EFL class during Covid-19. In similar vein, (Ewing and Cooper 2021) suggested that it has not been explored. Concerning this matter, it is crucial to enrich the existing literature to delve junior high students' engagement in EFL class during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesian context. Secondly, the study entitled Values Education in Arabic Proverbs of Mahfudzāt. The result of this research is that there are five aspects of education found in the Arabic proverbs, which are: creed, knowledge, deeds, morals, and social (Muthoifin and Nuha 2020). This research analysed values education in Arabic proverbs, yet it relates to the education values in this research that will be found in the Arabic novel 'Imarah Yacoubiyan.

Method
The research method used is qualitative-descriptive method. It used structural theory of Robert Stanton to analyse intrinsic elements including language styles in forms of symbol and message of the story that aim at obtaining words and sentences from the novel that contains indicators of every education value. Data source used in this research is 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel. This research used human instrument that means the researcher itself who decides the focus of the research, collects data, assess the quality of the data, as well as analyses it and draws conclusions (Shidiq and Choiri 2019).

Page | 143
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī Data collection technique used is documentation that includes these steps: (1) reading intensively and critically the data source, which is 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel, (2) collecting, reading, and studying supplementary books, (3) marking parts of the novel texts that indicate educational values, (4) identifying the data in accordance with statements of the problems and the aims of the research, (5) writing the data down in data collection, (6) analysing data related to the statements of the problems. Data in this research are descriptive data of story description, phrases, statements, and written words in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī which contains educational values.
Data analysis technique used is flow analysis model (Miles and Huberman 1994). Before doing the analysis steps, the researcher conducted anticipation, which is to think twice the steps that will be done before the research begins. After that, another three components must be conducted by the researcher are (1) data reduction: collected data are categorized into three kinds of educational values found the researcher and its descriptors are determined as well, while the unnecessary data are removed, (2) data presentation: selected and categorized data are presented in the form codification with the conditions below:

Codification of Text Description
M Monologue Data (words/phrases/sentences) that represents language exposure in the form monologue (having self-talk).

Dialogue
Data (words/phrases/sentences) that represents language exposure in the form dialogue (a conversation between two people). N Narration Data (words/phrases/sentences) that represents the author's narration.

Findings and Discussion
The results of the research show that there are three kinds of value descriptions in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel, which are: (1) religious value description , (2) personality value description, and (3) social value description.

Religious Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel
Religious values found in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel are 27 data. From these 27 data, there are three major kinds of religious values, which are: 1) human position as a weak servant who asks for help from Allah, 2) believing in all of God's will, the gifts and blessings from Him (rizq and ni'mah), and 3) ways of human's obedience to God by carrying out His commands and avioding all His prohibitions.

Human Existence Before God
There are 4 data found in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel that are relevant to human existence before God. It means that human existence is as a weak creature and under God's surveillance, only begging for forgiveness. Furthermore, human existence is also as a creature that surrenders to God, becomes a humble person, and asks for His help. Within these human weaknesses, Allah also made humans as creatures who are given the convenience of living the religious law so that what He ordered, humans can carry it out and can stay away from what has been forbidden by Him. One of the data that represented this indicator is found in the part of Thaha-a character who becomes an activitst and religious person and loves to read and discuss about religion matters-below: Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī (Al-Aswānī 2008) Data 8 (DPR, 46/2)1 indicated the way of Thaha existence before Allah as a weak creature and he is under God's surveillance, as well as asking for forgiveness. The existence of Thaha as the servant of Allah is indicated by his words ‫تنام‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بعينك‬ ‫احرسني‬ ‫,اللهم‬ which means that Thaha is asking for protection and guard from Allah who never sleeps. The word ‫ن‬ ‫عي‬ in this sentence does not literally mean "eye". This word uses kināyah.
The word ‫ن‬ ‫عي‬ indicated kināyah 'an al-maushūl which means if what becomes the ma'ny anhu or pronunciation of a word (lafdz) represented as kināyah is maushūf (dzat). This word is included in kināyah that its ma'ny anhu is expressed by only one expression. Its implied meaning is 'the God's eye', although in fact, this meaning is a connotative meaning. But, this meaning is not literally understandable, and it needs a special meaning related to ‫ن‬ ‫.عي‬ Thus, the intended meaning is ‫محافظة‬ which means preservation or protection that becomes a representation of the implied meaning of the word ‫ن‬ ‫.عي‬ It is confirmed by the sentence ‫ن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫تنام‬ which means never sleeps. Therefore, this sentence indicated the eye of Allah does not never sleep, which means He always keeps an eye on the movements of human life, and human life is always under His protection.

Human Trust in God
In this research, there are 5 data found that indicated human trust in God which is shown by being a servant of Allah who must believe that all favours and successes came from Him.
Trust in Allah must be based on piety (taqwa) to carry out all of His commands and avoid all of His prohibitions.

Page | 146
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī God and human, and the human's act to obey God, and the relationship between human and religion. As previously mentioned, the character in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān that mostly show religious value is Thaha who is so religious and commits to 'Alā' Al-Aswānī religion, and sticks to the religion law. This character is found as same as the character in one of his other novels Jumhūrīya Ka'an called Nūrhān who is also pious, religious, respectable and modest. She tries hard to handle every aspects of her life to not contradict Islamic norms or teachings, hence this character is shown by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī as a religious value (Beskova 2020). In line with this novel, Al-Aswānī shows the aspects of Islam play one of important roles in liberating personal (Lewis 2013).

Personality Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel
Personality values which were found in this novel are 23 data. Indicators which include personality values are (1) responsible, (2) honest, (3) hard-working, (4) qanā'ah, and (5) determined. These five indicators have contents which are discussed in every data related to these characters: carrying out the mandate entrusted by others, being open and saying words that comes from heart and related to deeds, trying as much as possible to make ends meet,

Page | 148
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī accepting any conditions and situations given by God in a state of being well off or not, and being disciplined and resolute in sticking to the principles of life.

Responsible
In this research, there are three data that are shown the character of 'responsible' of upholding and doing a mandate entrusted by other to someone, and doing obligations. For example, child's devotion to parents which means being responsible to fulfil the obligations to the parents as shown in the data below: Data 11 (NPK, 47/3)4 indicates Thaha who is a religious youth, he is also a responsible man.
Even he works for living, he does not forget his responsibility as a young man to study.

Honest
Moreover, the personality of honest means true, just the way it is, not exaggerating something nor understating it. Honest also means what is spoken is same as what is come across in heart. In 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel, there are three data found that indicated personality value of honest. Honest in this novel is shown as a similarity between intention, verbal, and deed. The signs of honesty are openness and showing everything as it is, and admitting mistakes. ‫ن‬One of the data that represents honest is: In Islam, honesty is an important thing. It is divided into three parts: honesty of heart/intention, verbal honesty, and honesty of deeds. Prophet Muhammad Saw. said, "The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according

Page | 149
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī to what he has intended." (HR. Imam Bukhari-Muslim). Thus, one's deed depends upon the intention. To realize the honesty in heart, someone needs strong intention and purity of conscience, and gets rid of anger, envy, etc.

Hard-working
Hard-working means taking efforts as much as someone can do, to reach life goals. It also means to do hard work for goodness, not badness. There are 6 data found that indicated hard-working in this novel. It is shown as taking efforts as much as possible to reach certain goals before leaving it to Allah. Working hard can be defined as an effort to earn living and income for one's survival or earnestly gain a better education by learning and continuing to seek knowledge. One of the data that indicates hard-working for living is shown below: Data 4 (NPK, 44/1)6 indicates that men will work hard to fulfil their families' needs. In this novel, the men described are the ones who live in the roof of 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān.

Qanā'ah
The other personality value is qanā'ah ‫'قناعة'‬ that literally means being satisfied and willing (ridha), which is to accept all the circumstances happened. Being grateful in happy

Page | 150
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī condition, and accepting bad condition gracefully. But, in essence, whatever the condition is, happy or sad, human must be always patient and grateful. In this research, there are 6 data found that indicated personality value of qanā'ah by accepting and tolerating ridicules held up by someone, and feeling enough with something and being grateful for it. for what God has given, even though it is just enough.

Determined
The last personality value is 'determined' which literally means constancy, persistence and strength in sticking to his/her belief. In the context of this research, being determined means being disciplined and resolute. There are five data found and indicated that being determined is shown by sticking to the principles based on the religion law, being disciplined and resolute in dividing time, so that the lifetime is not in vain. This data below is one of the personality values that show the character of Thaha becomes determined by sticking to the principles based on the religion law.

Page | 151
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī Data 64 (DPK, 256/4)8 indicates that Thaha does not afraid to do jihad fi sabilillah. He has placed jihad in his heart and he also sticks to the principle of jihad.
These personality education values can be fostered in the society by doing the five indicators mentioned above that also represents good atitudes, as stated by (Aini and Ambarwati 2021) in their research of another 'Alā' Al-Aswānī's novel called Chicago that value system forms person's identity and personality.

Social Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel
There are 22 data of social values found in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel. This kind of value in this discussion is divided into three indicators, which are: (1) being fair to other human beings, (2) unity of life, and (3) loyalty between humans. The contents in every data that are included in these three indicators commonly relate to obedience and concern among human beings by paying respect and appreciation, mutual cooperation in achieving common goals and public interest, and treating everyone equally regardless of status or position.

Being Fair to Other Human Beings
There are three data found in this novel that related to being fair between one another.
The way of some characters of the novel showed this value are whatever one's condition is whether it is poor; rich; unique or disorder-everyone should treat others equally without neglecting or hating that person in the community.

Page | 152
Educational Values in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān Novel by 'Alā' Al-Aswānī Data 60 (NPS, 241/1)9 above is one of the attitudes of being fair to other human beings by not differentiating between one's gender or disorder. This data shows that a man named Hatim has a homosexual disorder. However, he is an editor-in-chief that his employees have no doubt about his dedication. This is because Hatim's character is strong and skilled at work. The members of the editorial team do not underestimate him and they are fair to Hatim by treating him in the same way as they treat others. has and it is covered by his skills and expertise as an editor in chief.

Unity of Life
There are 14 data found in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel that related to the indicators that to act together with people or community on a certain stipulation or basis. The meaning of "acting together" here is that Hajj Azzam as a statesman should protect the rights and accommodate the aspirations of the people. On the other hand, he should take care of the needs of the people. His high position requires him to submit, obey and love the people.
Actions like this can reflect the loyalty of the people's representatives to their own people.
Social values found in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel commonly represents the relation between the characters when they communicate with their friends or co-workers, or even to the same residents in the same apartment and how they treat one another. It relates to the research conducted by Turan, he looked from different point-of-view to show the social values which is from the panoramic history of the building which related to the memory, nostalgia, etc (Turan 2019). He stated that the transformation of building of 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān is line with the transformation of social and cultural transformations, then it will cause class, life style, resident background distinctions. However, these distinctions are shown as the unity of life that every resident who lives in 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān are intertwined with one another, even the relationship between them is not sturdy (Turan 2019).

Conclusion
In conclusion, the whole 'Imārah Ya'qūbiyān novel by' 'Alā' Al-Aswānī contains various educational values, including (1) religious values consisting of (a) human existence before god,