THE IMPACT OF MASTURAH PROGRAM ON THE FAMILIES OF TABLIGHI JAMAAT AT TEMBORO VILLAGE IN INDONESIA

Islam sets the roles and relationship between husband and wife in the family in a balanced manner to create sakinah, mawadah, and rahmah (peaceful, loving, and compassionate) family. A lot of people often underestimate the role of a wife in a family. This paper examined the Masturah (rather than putting Arabic words, it would be better to write the meaning of the Masturah) as the education program for wife in the family of Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro village, Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. This research used a qualitative approach where the data were collected, applying interviews with various family members of the Tablighi Jamaat. The research results show that the Masturah is a closed and private education strategy for a wife (the Masturah) in the families of Tablighi Jamaat, which is performed in the house with religious training and practice. Second, the purpose of the Masturah is to prepare the role of wife as mu‟allimah and muta‟alimah, daiyah, and a‟bidah (teacher and student, preacher, and worshiper). Third, the Masturah helps to increase Iman (the belief in Allah (the practice in worship, appreciation in practicing Islamic religion, improving the knowledge in Islamic teaching, and the increase of motivation in religion and preaching. This research has implications for the importance of religious education for wives to support their husbands' da'wah activities and children's education at home.


INTRODUCTION
The Tablighi Jamaat is a transnational Islamic movement that is operative in 165 countries 1 . The Tablighi Jamaat was initiated in the late 1920s by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas bin Muhammad Ismail al-Hanafi ad-Diyubandi al-Jisti al- Kahdahlawi (1885Kahdahlawi ( -1944, a Sufi scholar trained in Deobond madrasa (a traditional Islamic education institution) in 1927 in Mewat, South Delhi, India 23 . The establishment of this Jamaat was preceded by a reform movement in Mewat, which was inhabited by many Meo people who were experiencing moral and religious decline and a mixture of Islamic and Hindu traditions 4 . Thus, the purpose of the Tablighi Jamaat is seen as a process of ‗making Muslim good Muslim' 5 . Besides, the movement focuses on the effort of preaching. It is known with the slogan of da"wah "ala Minhaj an-Nubuwwah (preaching based on Prophet Muhammad's instruction) 6 . Tablighi Jamaat became a worldwide Islamic movement after being led by Maulana Ilyas's son, namely Maulana M. Yusuf (1917-1965 7 , and later followed by Maulana In'amul Hasan 8 .
Preaching efforts of the Tablighi Jamaat is seen as noble worship as it follows the Prophet's legacy of dawah work 9 . It is also believed by Tablighi followers to revive such work of the Prophet 10 . This preaching effort will help women to reflect the learnings from the life of the Prophet Muhammad's in their lives, treat the home as the companion of the Prophet's home, see a mosque as the mosque of Nabawi, and the see their hometown as like Medina 11 . The implementation of this preaching is realized with khuruj fi sabilillah 12 .
The Tablighi Jamaat entered Indonesia around 1952. This movement showed its intensive preaching around 1974 at the Kebon Jeruk Mosque in Central Jakarta. The mission of this movement is to train and invite Muslims to implement Islamic teachings by imitating the behavior of the Prophet and his companions 13 . Initially, the arrival of the Tablighi Jamaat in Indonesia did not receive any attention from the people. To popularize the Tablighi activities in Indonesia, the preachers of the Tablighi Jamaat from Pakistan came to Indonesia in 1959. Finally, the Tablighi Jamaat was formed in Palembang in 1964 14 . Around 1000 Jamaat came to the Kebon Jeruk mosque to hold a conference (ijtema) from several countries, namely Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines in 1996 15 .
The Tablighi Jamaat sees family as the center in nurturing religiosity following the Prophet Muhammad's instruction. One of the Tablighi Jamaat's key strategies is to imitate the practices and style of the Prophet Muhammad 16 . Apart from this, the Tablighi Jamaat is also criticized by many people from the non-Tablighi community, referring that husbands generally left the family without appropriate resources while they go for dawah activities referred to as khuruj fi sabilillah (get out in the way of Allah). It refers to the activity ‗out in Allah's way' to preach to the people in a certain time (3 days, 7 days, 40 days, 4 months), both inside the country and abroad. Siyami and Musawwamah's research reported that a problem of khuruj in the Tablighi Jamaat is the lack of coordination and evaluation of the management, internal family commitment, and concern between families, and the spirit of preaching 17 .
Tablighi Jamaat community has a doctrine when they are preaching outside, leaving their family. The Tablighi Jamaat followers also believe that they should not be disturbed by any worldly affairs during their dawah journey because the affairs of Allah are their utmost highest priority 18 . In contrast to this view, Tablighi Jamaat leaders also emphasize that members should not go out for their dawah journey without ensuring sufficient resources for their family members 19 . Therefore, the Tablighi Jamaat wants to build a peaceful family even though they go out for preaching for many days. However, by introducing the Masturah program, the Tablighi Jamaat, develops a sakinah (peaceful) family to educate the children, strengthen beliefs, implement khuruj for husband and Masturah for wife on a regular basis 20 .
Under this backdrop, the paper aimed to provide a better understanding of (1) the concept of Masturah as an education program for the women of the Tablighi Jamaat family, (2) the development of the Tablighi guided role for the women in a family through Masturah, and (3) the impact of Masturah program on the religious character building. This research analyzed Masturah as an essential element of the Tablighi Jamaat ideology among Tablighi Jamaat families in Temboro's. This is a unique characteristic of the Tablighi Jamaat where other Islamic organizations such as Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Hidayatullah, Salafi, Wahabi, and others do not have such strategic activities.
The gender relation of the family of Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro is neo-traditionalist (gender complimentary). They distinguish between equality and support the equality concept of men and women, but it doesn't mean absolute abolishment of hierarchy within the family structure. The idea of the sakinah family is supported by the participation in Tablighi Jamaat 21 . Besides, the ideal concept of family in the Tablighi Jamaat is based on the example of the Prophet Muhammad where peace, love, and mercy from Allah are the key elements. 16 B. Siddiqi, Becoming "Good Muslim" (Singapore: Springer, 2018 Furthermore, the wife in a Tablighi family plays a significant role in preaching within the family, educating children, and worshipping Allah 22 . To analyze the dimensions of religiosity in the Masturah program, we use Stark and Glock's religious concept (in Robertson), which includes five dimensions such as (1) beliefs (ideology) on the truth of theological doctrine, (2) ritualistic practice of the religion, (3) experiential elements of religious perception, feelings and sensation, (4) intellectual ability and knowledge of their religion, and (5) practices (consequence) of religious beliefs. 23 Subandi relates these dimensions with Islamic perspectives such as (1) religious belief associated with the Islamic pillars of faith, (2) religious practice related to pillars of Islam, (3) religious feeling associated with tasauf (spiritual), (4) religious knowledge associated with religious science, and (5) religious effect related to the motivation of religious practice. 24

METHOD
This research adopted a qualitative approach where interviews were conducted among the families of Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro, Magetan, East Java, Indonesia. We interviewed 12 Tablighi Jamaat families. The research was conducted in July-August 2018. The respondents were selected using a purposive method 25 considering that respondents are the families of Tablighi Jamaat who experienced the Masturah programs for a period between 3 days to 40 days both in the country and abroad. The data analysis method uses Miles and Huberman's interactive analysis, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification 26 . The research was conducted in Temboro, Magetan, which host the famous Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School that act as the biggest center of the Tablighi Jamaat in East Java of Indonesia 27 . Because of such tradition, most of the people of Temboro practice and uphold the Tablighi Jamaat ideology.
Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School has been playing important roles in disseminating Tablighi Jamaat ideology among its students. The school carries out its activities through learning activities and preaching among the students, community, and the Tablighi Jamaat's followers 28 . Al Fatah Islamic Boarding School emphasized the idea of (ikram al-Muslimin) of the Tablighi Jamaat that acted as one of the key elements in popularizing the Tablighi  in the area. This principle helps them to adapt to the environment and preach to create a religious community 29 .

THE CONCEPT OF MASTURAH IN THE TABLIGHI JAMAAT TRADITION
The Masturah is defined as women in hijab (veil) 30 because the Masturah program is carried out in private (veiled) space, for example, inside the house. Masturah, as a preaching activity among women, has the purpose of bringing the environment of religiosity inside the house. On the other hand, the preaching program for men is centered in mosques. According to Maulana Muhammad Manshur, Masturah means enliven religious practice in a house to function as the mosque for the family members. The form of religious practice in the house are (a) revitalize the non-formal Islamic education Fadhailul A"mal (doing good deeds) for wives and children to bring the religion in the home, (b) every housewife has to perform the obligatory (fardhu) prayer five times a day, remembrance to Allah and recite from the Qur'an, (c) hold a discussion on beliefs and good deeds, (d) live a simple life, and (e) support the husband for performing Khuruj fi sabilillah 31 .
Tablighi Jamaat followers see the normative foundation of Masturah program in verse 9: 71, which explains that men and women who are religious have the same role in kindness and preventing evil and abide by the command of Allah and his Prophet. The responsibility in preaching amar ma"ruf (enjoining good) and nahi munkar (forbidding wrong) is also explained in verse 3: 110 in the Qur'an. According to Maulana Muhammad Manshur, every woman should practice Islamic instructions so that all family members understand the value of it and practice all aspects of Islam 32 .
The Masturah program of the Tablighi Jamaat mechanized for both husbands and wives to increase and improve the religious knowledge and practice for which they could imitate the teachings and learnings from the lives of Prophet Muhammad. The engagement of women in Tablighi Jamaat preaching has the purpose of supporting husbands on their preaching and building a family based on the guidance of Prophet Muhammad 33 . It is because women are treated as the essential vehicle for Islamic education for children at home. Besides, women can easily motivate other women in the neighborhood to join and convene ta"lim sessions in their locality, which have a huge impact on preaching among the women 34 . The Masturah program usually carries out privately (veiled) to revitalize the religion at home. The example is the implementation of majlis taklim (non-formal Islamic education) and practicing obligatory tasks and sunnah.
The Masturah is a specific Tablighi Jamaat program that targets Muslim women to convene dawah with their husbands for a particular time. Jamaat should be assisted with the husbands for 3 days, 10 days, 15 days, 40 days, or 2 months based on a consultation with their husbands, as one respondent mentioned. In this context, a Tablighi family who went for Masturah program mentioned that women must be accompanied by their husband or mahram (family) who is experienced in preaching. According to the respondents, women can only travel with their husbands or sons in Masturah program. The participants of the Masturah program should preach in the way of Allah (khuruj fi sabilillah). The Masturah is performed by women in the house of a dedicated Tablighi Jamaat follower while khuruj for husbands is performed in a neighboring mosque during a Masturah dawah journey. In this context, a male Tablighi Jamaat follower mentioned, -… woman who is performing Masturah, stays in one of the homes of a Tablighi Jamaat follower, while their husband stays in the mosque to do itikaf‖.
Detailed instruction about convening Masturah program is mentioned by Maulana Yusuf (Maulana Ilyas's son) in a Tablighi book, -the Masturah's work will be weakened, it will even get weaker if women who do not follow purdah. Don't even bring women in Masturah to the annual congregation (ijtema) of the Tablighi Jamaat. The women can be gathered in a private place to attend non-formal Islamic educational programs (ta"lim). Every woman should be assisted by their husband or their families (mahram), with appropriate veiling. They will stay in a private house while their husband stays in a mosque‖ 35 .

THE FAMILIES OF TABLIGHI JAMAAT
The Masturah program of the Tablighi Jamaat as a method of educating and improving the preaching for the women in the family has multiple purposes. Masturah aims to inspire women to practice and revive the religion in the house and support their husbands to revive the religion outside the house through preaching. It has specific purposes for women to act such as (a) Da"iyah, who responsible for the establishment of religion and continuing the work of Prophet Muhammad, (b) Abidah who devout worship in the house and make it becomes a mosque, and (c) Muta"allimah who is available to revive teaching and learning process in the house 36 .
These purposes were evident in the Masturah program among Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro, Magetan. Field data shows the following pattern:

Mu'allimah wa Muta'allimah (Teacher and Student):
The purpose of participating in Masturah program is to create a religious atmosphere at home and collaborate in carrying and preaching the religion. A female respondent mentioned in this context that ‗a wife can learn (to be a student/ muta"allimah). Islamic religious knowledge about muamalah (social interaction), mu"asyarah (society), and educating children in an Islamic way. Based on this opinion, Masturah's goal was to form a wife to become Mu'allimah wa Muta'allimah (Teacher and Student)'.

Da'iyah (Responsibility of Preaching):
While talking about Da"iyah, a female respondent who is a Tablighi Jamaat follower mentioned that -if only husbands (men) learn religion, it means that the religious knowledge will not come into the home‖ is a reason for wives to participate in Masturah. Women have a significant role in the religious struggle because humans are formed from their womb and upbringing. The Masturah program aims to propagate religion into the home so that all members understand religion better. In this case, the wife has the role of Da"iyah (responsibility to preach) in the family.

Abidah (Expert in Worship): Respondents shared that the Masturah in Tablighi
Jamaat aims to encourage wives to perform their obligatory prayer in time, recite the Qur'an, educate children in an Islamic way, revive the preaching atmosphere at home, serve and support the husband in preaching outside the house through Allah's guidance (khuruj fi sabilillah). The entire purpose is to bring religious practice into the everyday lives of women in a family, as another female Tablighi follower mentioned. In this case, a wife has the role of "Abidah (worship expert) who is sincere in practicing Islamic norms and values at home and serving (khidmah) to the husband.
Based on these interview data, it can be concluded that the Masturah program aims to improve the role of women in learning, disseminating and preaching various Islamic teachings in the family, among other women in society and creating an enabling environment for a male counterpart to continue with Tablighi activities. Besides, the entire process helps to develop and nurture an Islamic environment inside the home.
The women in the Tablighi Jamaat follows the following four main doctrines that should be practiced every day, such as (1) da"wah ila Allah (2) ta"lim and ta"allum (3) zikir and worship, and (4) khidmah. These practices are also called ‗practices of mosque' that should be revived in mosques or home 37 . In this context, the followers of the Tablighi Jamaat refers to the seven promises of Allah for people who follow the -practice of mosque‖, would receive the divine blessings, such as (a) blessing from unexpected sources, (b) wealth, home, and the village will be protected by Allah as Allah protects Kaaba, (c) wife and children will be protected by Allah as Allah protects Prophet Ibrahim as wife and children, (d) win the truth and destroy the vanity, (e) a person will be the cause of guidance descent, (f) soften the heart to obey Allah, and (g) protection from big terror slander, the coming of Dajjal. 38 Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that Masturah as a learning process for women is seen with utmost importance among the Tablighi families as the outcome of such a program helps them to educate children and nurture an Islamic environment at home. Besides, it also helps to create a positive attitude of the Tablighi preaching among the women that subsequently help the men counterpart to carry out the regular Tablighi  and relation between families 40 . The household becomes an important tool for the wives of the Tablighi Jamaat to involve in strengthening family beliefs 41 .

THE IMPACT OF MASTURAH IN RELIGIOUS CHARACTER BUILDING
The Masturah program is not only an activity of recitation or Islamic religious practice but also a process of educating women based on Tablighi Jamaat ideology. In the program, women are motivated to be involved in preaching, especially in the family and among other Muslim women in the neighborhood. Findings of the field research show that the majority of Temboro society is following Tablighi Jamaat ideology because of the existence of Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School. To analyze the impact of the Masturah program in religious character building, Stark and Glock's dimension of diversity theory was very useful in this research. Their religious concept which includes five dimensions such as beliefs (ideology), religious practice (ritualistic), religious experience, intellectual and consequence of religious beliefs, will be discussed in the following section.
Analysis of the interviews among Tablighi families who attended the Masturah program shows several impacts of the program on religiosity.
Increasing Faith: Religious belief relates to someone's faith in the fundamental pillars of Islam. M. Quraish Shihab defines faith/belief as -justification that was conveyed by God's messenger‖ 42 . In contrast, M Nursamad Kamba interprets faith as -belief that provides security and inner peace to the soul‖ 43 . Based on this, faith is a belief and justification for what was conveyed by Prophet Muhammad, both through the Qur"an and Sunnah. Our study findings show that the Masturah program positively impacts increasing faith (belief) towards basic Islamic teachings and Allah's instructions. In this connection, a respondent mentioned that participating in Masturah program strengthens the belief that everything comes from Allah. Another respondent mentioned that the Masturah program strengthened the belief of many women. This opinion is corresponding with the Tablighi Jamaat ideology to preach faith and belief. According to Maulana Manshur, the aims of preaching are (1) instilling the true faith on the phrase La ilaha illallah wa Muhammadur Rasulullah, and (2) perform all the commands from Allah from top to toe in accordance to the sunnah of the Prophet 44 .
Increasing faith in Masturah is associated with the primary purpose of the Tablighi Jamaat, which is known as tahrik al-iman/faith movement (Anwarul as cited in Kamaruazzaman) 45 . Tablighi Jamaat consciously aims to instil the desired characteristics of the Prophet's companions, which is an important area of the Tablighi Jamaat's teaching. The ultimate submission and belief in Allah can be achieved by preaching, praying, and forming groups to discuss faith and belief 46 . In the Masturah program, wives of the Tablighi Jamaat are trained for preaching, practicing, discussing, and praying to increase the religiosity in the family (halaqah). In this case, faith is not only believed but also discussed, preached, and practiced so that there has to be a balance in Masturah between theory and practice.
Increasing Religious Practice: Tablighi Jamaat followers see religious practice is the proof of someone's belief and faith through the action of carrying out Allah's orders and staying away from Allah's prohibitions. Religious practice is included in the Islamic dimension that covers syahadat, shalat (prayer), puasa (fasting), zakat, hajj, and other worships. The Masturah program also motivates women to increase their religious practices. As a result of their repeated Islamic activities, they will get better as they go along. A respondent mentioned in this context: Worship practices in Masturah program for husbands are zikir (pray), learning (ta"lim), socialization, serving (khidmah), and preaching. On the other hand, the purpose of the Masturah programs for wives are learning (ta"lim), worship, zikir (pray), learning through memorization (mudzakarah) and serving (khidmah). (A female Tablighi Jamaat follower) The activities in the Masturah program are very rigorous and strict in nature. Besides, the schedule is very tight with their rich content. In this context, another Tablighi Jamaat follower shared his experience. As he mentioned: The practice of Masturah begins at 03.00 AM for tahajud prayer, preparation for Shubuh prayer, zikir, reciting Surah Yasin and ‗Ayat Hirzi" (practice of zikir which is compiled by Kiai of al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School). Then continued with mudzakarah (discussion where each other reminds and speaks up in the discussion about daily culture or fiqh). There is also a mulaqat program (meeting with husband to report the practices that have been carried out in a day). It continues until the breakfast, then we have to do the ta"lim (learning Islamic knowledge). We get a break for the preparation for dhuhur prayer. After the ashar prayer we have to do the ta"lim again followed by preaching, which is attended by the women who participate in Masturah (A male Tablighi follower).
Another female respondent expressed a similar opinion. As she mentioned: The practices performed in Masturah are on-time obligatory prayers, zikir (remembrance of Allah) and Sunnah prayers, mudzakarah of faith and belief as well as mudzakarah related to belief and etiquette of worship/social interaction (muamalah), ta"lim or learning Islamic knowledge about the importance of charity (fadhilah amal), story of Prophet Muhammad's companions and their six characterizations, reciting the Qur'an. (A female Tablighi Jamaat follower) The Masturah program increases the practice and trains someone to be istiqomah (consistent) in practicing sunnah, which is often forgotten in daily activities. The program can be an alternative to improve the way of reciting the Qur'an correctly. Our research findings show that Masturah program is very effective among Tablighi Jamaat followers to improve daily Islamic practices because the program allows the women to learn and practice Islam together with their husbands. During the Masturah dawah journey, the participants are pushed to perform practices determined by their husbands in Mulaqat. It is a program where the wives are given time to meet with their husband to report the practices that they have performed in a day.
There are 10 maqami practices for women when practicing Masturah at home, such as (1) revive ta"lim wa ta"alum at home, (2) live with simple life, (3) revive the sunnah of the Prophet, (4) istiqomah (consistent) in zikir and reciting from the Qur'an, (5) having behavior following the guidelines of the Prophet, (6) revive preaching atmosphere for 24 hours, (7) simplify the household affairs, (8) educate children in accordance with sunnah, (9) revive the atmosphere and learn to solve the problems with Islamic practice (prayer, charity, etc.), and (10) revive daily discussion to fulfill the need of religion (takaza) 47 .
Live Up Religious Practice: The experience and appreciation of Islamic values are included in ihsan or perfection, emphasising morality or behavior (akhlak or dzauq). The practice of ihsan usually forms in tasawuf or tarekat (psychological) practice. According to Kamba, a dimension of ihsan in Islam is the sharpness of religious intuition which is formed by a consistent ritual that is performed over a long period. It is also accompanied by an instructor (Mursyid), especially psychic and spiritual. The Prophet defined ihsan as -..you worship (interpreted as alive) as if you see God if you do not see Him (but) He saw you.‖ 48 Ihsan is related to the rank of devotion to Allah, which can only be obtained by wise (arif) people. According to Shihab ad-Din Abu al-Abbas al-Mursy (cited in Shihab) the ranks are achieved by Muslim based on Jibril"s hadith, they are (a) Islam, the rank of devotion and practice of worship prescribed by Allah, (b) Iman, a rank of knowledge about nature/substance of shari"a and knowledge about things related to ‗ubudiyah/self-inhibition to Allah, and (c) ihsan, a rank of -heart witnessing‖ to Allah 49 .
The Masturah program also impacts the families of the Tablighi Jamaat to experience and appreciate direct practices (worship). It will grow the stability in religion as a respondent mentioned: Masturah helps develop stability in performing religious practice, improving the consistency and imaniyah, "ubudiyah, mu"amalah, and mu"asyaroh. (A female Tablighi follower). Another respondent talked about the importance of ta"lim at home. As she mentioned: Before participating in the Masturah program, it was hard to perform ta"lim at home. However, after participating in this program, the spirit in fulfilling those actions is increasing. There are many friends by which we enrich the knowledge and become wiser in facing any characters of people (A female Tablighi follower). Participation in a Masturah dawah significantly increases the tendency of religious practice among women. It also creates and holds desires for nurturing the religiosity of women at home. As a respondent justified her position in this context: There is increased spirit in performing religious practice after participating in Masturah program. There is also a feeling of happiness and a desire to be consistent. The program also brings changes in daily life, especially in imaniyah,"ubudiyah, mu"amalah, and mu"asyaroh.
Respondents also talked about other impacts of Masturah, such as the improvement of khusyu' (concentrate) and khudhu' (orderly) in prayer and improvement of etiquette while performing worship supporting preaching effort. All of these help them to continue with regular religious practices.
Enrich Islamic Religious Knowledge and Motivation of Practices: The Masturah program encourages the Tablighi Jamaat family to support each other in deepening and adding insight into Islamic knowledge. While talking about the impact of Masturah dawah, a respondent stated that the Masturah knowledge is an enrichment in her life. As she continued: The knowledge about the Islamic religion has increased. The consistency is also improved in terms of ta"lim, correctly reciting the Qur'an, and practicing the action in accordance to sunnah (A female Tablighi follower).
In the increasing nature of religious knowledge, a male Tablighi follower explained that participation in the Masturah dawah journey increases religious knowledge. As he mentioned: Participating in Masturah program improves the knowledge of sunnah prayers, obligatory prayer, educating children in Islamic perspective, covering awrah (a body that should not be exposed), obeying husband, and learning the behavior that the Prophet advised for women (A male Tablighi follower).
Besides, Masturah has become a space for Islamic practice for women, which acts as motivation in performing and following various Islamic practices actively. Masturah improves the motivation to perform Islamic practices and follow Islamic norms actively. Increased religious motivation is an impact of Masturah that has been evident in our field research. A respondent mentioned in this context: The impact of Masturah is the improvement of the spirit in learning Islamic religion, with a vision of sacrifice for faith, improving the practice, and motivates for targhiban (trigger of interest in goodness) from each Masturah participant. It also encourages them to follow and conduct ta"lim and tasykil (A female Tablighi follower) Another respondent talked about how it improved her understanding of religious practices and Islamic knowledge. As she mentioned: Masturah motivates the participants to be more spirited in practicing worshipping, giving more understanding to the Islamic knowledge and understanding of charity's primacy that drives its spirit. The program also improves the belief in Allah that everything depends on Allah's will that will make us believe in Allah (A female Tablighi follower).
This statement shows an ultimate submission towards Allah, which is a key message that the Tablighi Jamaat followers keep reminding themselves every time. In a similar manner, they emphasized it for their female counterparts to believe, practice and follow.

CONCLUSION
Masturah in Tablighi Jamaat ideology is a program where women at home are being targeted, which is no different in the families of the Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro, Magetan, Indonesia. It is carried out privately in one of Jamaat's houses. Masturah aims to prepare the wives to be able to take the role as mu"allimah wa muta"allimah (teacher and student), daiyah (preacher), and "abidah (worshiper). Masturah program impacts improving the religious character of the wives, increasing faith in Allah, appreciation in Islamic knowledge, enriching the Islamic knowledge, and increasing the motivation to practice and preaching Islam. This research has implications for the importance of religious education for wives to support their husbands' da'wah activities and children's education at home. Thus, we argue that the entire process of Masturah dawah activities aims to instil the Tablighi learning among the women to bring the Islamic practices in the home, in the neighborhoods through the peers of the women and to create a consciousness to support their male counterparts (husbands). However, the impact of such practices on their gender norms and roles were not very clear in this research, which would be the future scope for research in this area. Besides, there remains a sense of limitation of this research that the researchers were not involved in Masturah practice. Thus, the researchers could not observe the practice of Masturah empirically as it was strictly private and accessible only to the women. However, this research opens up an avenue to further research to understand the broader gender relations of the Tablighi Jamaat in Temboro and what changes such practice brings in their lives would be worth considering.